I know that there is someone out there who uses donated phones and turns them into listening devices for use by forest rangers to detect illegal logging operations. they take the phones and canablise / modify them, package them, and they then get mounted in the forest, the rest is apparently obvious......
how about GPS logger (hiking, cycling, driving, geocaching etc)?
there are a number of ways that those could be adapted for use in workshops : small apps could detect speed of spindles and lathe, measure items blah blah.
i know one group who use that sort of phone for citizen science projects where they have data collection points in remote-ish places who capture data regularly and then post to a data collation point.
some of these ideas would mean finding somewhere to donate the units to.
then there is simple IOT data logging, (something similar to
@Peter Simpson suggestions....) wouldn't need too serious an app or data space on the phone.
a neighbour here uses one to monitor his automatic gate, don't know the details of how, but ... . ... . ... .