Normally you will just start your service with StartService(servicename) to update your widget. But if you use the PreferenceActivity library (which is perhaps started from the widget service module itself) this is not directly possible (I think).
The only workaround I can think of would be to create a transparent activity which only calls the PreferenceActivity and then starts your service and exits on Activity_Resume.
Something like this (haven't tested it).
B4X:
Sub Activity_Create()
OpenThePreferenceScreenHere
End Sub
Sub Activity_Resume()
StartService(servicename)
Activity.Finish
End Sub